I was speaking with my vet team recently and we all agreed that we have seen an increase in the number of pet patients having seizures in the last year.

We were discussing some causal factors to see if we could figure out why this is occurring or if it is just a coincidence.

Seizures in dogs can be distressing for pet owners but understanding the causes and treatment options can help manage the condition effectively.

A seizure occurs when there is abnormal electrical activity in a dog's brain, leading to changes in behaviour, movement, or consciousness. They can range from mild (eg staring, twitching) to severe (eg convulsions, loss of control).

The causes of seizures can be variable and sometimes impossible to determine. Idiopathic epilepsy is a genetic condition with no known cause. It is often seen in breeds such as beagles and German shepherds.

Ingestion of toxic substances such as chocolate, Xylitol, pesticides, or medications can induce a seizure. I have seen dogs have a seizure because their owner bought a new treat with a lot of additives and colourings so take care when choosing these products.

Seizure is also linked to metabolic issues such as low blood sugar, liver disease, or electrolyte imbalances. And, anything affecting the brain itself such as head trauma, or infections such as encephalitis and meningitis, or in extreme cases, brain tumours can all lead to seizures.

Although seizures look very dramatic when they occur, they usually pass quickly and with minimal impact on the animal. It is important to stay calm, talk quietly to your pet and where possible video the incident so you can show your vet.

Always contact your vet if you see your dog have a seizure so they can offer emergency care if needed and run tests and determine the cause.

Treatments can be variable and depend on the primary problem, but can include antiepileptic drugs such as phenobarbital, potassium bromide and levetiracetam.

Dietary changes such as ketogenic diets or specific nutrient adjustments may help reduce seizure frequency. And in some cases, surgery for tumours or structural issues if feasible.

Good evidence is emerging for the use of CBD (cannabidiol) for managing seizures in pets. Studies suggest CBD may reduce seizure frequency, especially in drug-resistant epilepsy, but always consult a vet before use. You must be giving the correct concentration and formation of the CBD for it to be effective and not all CBD products are the same.

Most pets that have seizures can be successfully managed and live a very normal and happy life but it is important for owners to work closely with their vet to get the best outcomes.

Keep a seizure log, noting the frequency, duration and potential triggers such as new treats. Know how to protect your pet during a seizure so they don’t injure themselves. And, most importantly, stay calm and reassuring until they are recovered.

So, the jury is still out on whether seizure incidents are increasing in our local pets but vets are always paying attention to trends and changes in our patient population and we will definitely keep you updated. Watch this space.

• Lucy Richardson graduated from Edinburgh University in 2005. She started CedarTree Vets in August 2012 with her husband, Mark. They live at the practice with their two children, Ray and Stella, and their dog and two cats. She is also the FEI national head veterinarian for Bermuda