If William E. Cross Jr’s Nigrescence Theory helps us understand why the crisis of identity exists among youth of African descent in Bermuda, then the Ghana Immersion Experience offers a vision of how we begin to heal it. Where part one examined the psychological journey of identity development in a society that often devalues persons of African descent, this part explores what happens when that journey is supported through cultural reconnection, service and purpose.

From theory to practice

Cross described nigrescence as a process — moving from confusion and conflict towards awareness, pride and contribution. The Ghana Immersion Experience brings that process to life. It provides young Bermudians the opportunity to step beyond the island’s social boundaries and encounter themselves within a broader African story — one rooted in resilience, creativity and community.

In Ghana, participants are not tourists. They live at Gombey Retreat and learn alongside our partners in Gomoa-Fetteh, where Care Ghana operates. They teach in local classrooms, mentor children and participate in community projects. This is not simply about “giving back”; it is about belonging again. Through teaching and service, they see their own value reflected in others and begin to internalise what Cross calls the Internalisation–Commitment stage of development — identity translated into responsibility.

Why Ghana?

Ghana represents both a physical and spiritual return. A place where the African diaspora can confront history without shame and rediscover pride without arrogance. For Bermudian youth shaped by the remnants of colonial hierarchy and quasi-neocolonial rule, walking the grounds of Elmina or Cape Coast Castles — while teaching children in the village who welcome them as family — is profoundly transformative. It challenges internalised inferiority and replaces it with empathy, humility and strength.

This environment naturally supports the Immersion-Emersion stage of the nigrescence model. The intense emotions that come with rediscovering one’s roots — anger at past injustices, grief for what was lost, pride in survival — are guided towards healthy reflection and growth. Surrounded by mentors and peers, participants process these feelings constructively, turning pain into purpose.

The integration of education, cultural exposure and community service transforms abstract theory into lived experience. It is identity development in action — a journey from alienation to awareness, and from awareness to leadership.

Impact and policy relevance

The Ghana Immersion Experience is more than a travel programme; it is a preventive model for social development. Participants can benefit from increased self-esteem, stronger leadership skills and a deeper appreciation of community values upon return. These outcomes directly counter the roots of violence and disconnection identified in part one.

By institutionalising such exchanges — through schools, youth organisations, or government partnerships — Bermuda can address the crisis of identity at its foundation. Rather than reacting to violence after it occurs, we can invest in shaping identity before it fractures.

Conclusion

Cross’s Nigrescence Theory reminds us that identity, when affirmed and guided, becomes a source of peace and power. The Ghana Immersion Experience provides the context where that guidance happens naturally — through culture, connection and contribution. In returning to Ghana, our young people do more than trace history; they reclaim themselves. They come home ready to build, to lead and to inspire.

• Quinton Sherlock Jr is the deputy leader of the Free Democratic Movement and the candidate for St George’s West (Constituency 2) in the February 2025 General Election. This is the second in a three-part series