For most investors, 2015 was an unrewarding year. Total returns on stocks, bonds and commodities ranged from negligible gains to steep losses depending on the asset class and investment style. Overall, last year was a manic-depressive ride as markets swung from hopes for further monetary stimulus in regions such as Europe and Japan to worries about US monetary policy getting tighter as investors braced for the first interest rate increase in nine years. The MSCI World Stock index ranged from a high of 1810 in May to a low of 1550 in late September — a variation of almost 15 per cent — before finishing the year at a slight loss.

China’s decelerating economic growth and strategic rebalancing was a key theme driving markets in 2015 as it has been already this year. Lesser demand for raw materials from the world’s second largest economy pummelled commodity prices, knocked down China’s stock market as well as other emerging market bourses and roiled high yield bonds. Lower commodity input costs are normally growth-positive for developed countries, but markets have been very fickle lately. Investors seem to be indiscriminately throwing babies out with the bath water at times.

Developed markets have fared better than developing markets recently, but even within the better performing regions progress has become increasingly concentrated. For example, the so-called FANG stocks: Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google-Alphabet, accounted for a very large portion of the S&P 500 index’s modest 1.37 per cent total return in 2015. Without those heavily-weighted components of the bellwether index, the S&P 500 would have finished deep into the red. Meanwhile, the MSCI World Stock index fell 2.74 per cent for the 2015 year as non-US markets slumped in the second half of the year and the greenback rose against all other major currencies.

Adding to the turmoil, many of the dominant themes in the first half of year, such as soaring biotechnology stocks and advancing European share prices ended up being second half losers. In Q3, China’s sudden currency devaluation contributed to the long-awaited official stock market correction — the first 10 per cent market decline in four years — followed by a decent bounce in the fourth quarter which took the major markets closer to even for the year.

Lower for longer is the new mantra for oil prices, and that is also likely to be the case for both economic growth and investment returns in the year ahead. After the record-setting launch of the new Star Wars movie last month, Disney executives would probably agree that sequels are the way to go. But in the case of financial markets, we can probably just stay with the ‘new normal’ thesis popularised back in 2008.

During the financial crisis six years ago, a leading investment firm popularised “the new normal” theory which predicted the world was in for an extended period of subpar growth. The premise for this conclusion was that excessive debt taken on during the prior two decades had effectively stolen growth from the future as those borrowings ultimately need to be repaid.

Since nothing much has changed fiscally among the major government powers, a formidable headwind remains. A recent study by consulting firm, McKinsey Global Institute showed total worldwide debt has actually risen by $57 trillion since the Great Bailout of the financial system, rising to 286 per cent of global economic output from 269 per cent since 2007. So much for the “Great Deleveraging” that was to follow the Great Recession.

Slow growth may be the new normal but that is not necessarily a bad thing. Overheating economies have problems of their own, not the least of which is the typical central bank overreaction. Overall, I am generally comforted, by the steady, accommodative hand of most of the world’s largest central banks.

For the year ahead expect equities to see the same heightened levels of volatility as last year. Besides the ongoing geopolitical stresses, the US election in November is likely to create some additional fiscal uncertainties, especially given the rather bizarre cast of characters currently leading in the polls.

On the plus side, earnings have had a year to catch up with high stock valuations and the energy sector should not be as much of drag in 2016 assuming oil prices stabilise around these lower levels.

In terms of the central bank policy, rising interest rates by themselves likely won’t tank the American economy or stock market as some fear. But if the Fed continues to press on with rates increases, performance is likely to remain uneven among sectors. Some sectors such as US banks stocks could actually benefit from higher interest rates as the net interest margins earned on loans expand.

In fixed income, markets also saw increased volatility and a bit of a replay of the prior few years forecasting blunders. Each year pre-eminent economists and the Fed itself forecasts higher rates, only to be surprised later by another round of sluggish growth and flat to lower long term rates by the end of the year. Flattish rates last year generally helped the performance of our fixed-income strategies and in particular our holdings of preferred stock — which, despite its name, is really fixed income.

Get ready for yet another year of choppy interest rate movements with short terms interest rates continuing to bump up towards one per cent, while longer term rates remain low as the yield curve flattens. In this environment, we like the ‘barbell’ strategy using solvent, higher yielding corporate bonds and some commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) for earlier maturities. Higher grade bonds and select preferred stock issues farther out the rate curve provide both extra yield and duration exposure.

Best Wishes for a happy, healthy and prosperous year ahead!

Bryan Dooley, CFA is a senior portfolio manager at LOM Asset Management Ltd in Bermuda. Please contact LOM at 441-292-5000 for further information.

This communication is for information purposes only. It is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument, investment product or service. Readers should consult with their Brokers if such information and or opinions would be in their best interest when making investment decisions. LOM is licensed to conduct investment business by the Bermuda Monetary Authority.