In the age of information it is essential to separate fact from fiction, especially when it comes to matters of health.

Many myths and misconceptions have persisted for years, causing unnecessary worry and influencing our daily choices. I have written about some in past columns but here are a few more!

Myth 1: GMO food is bad

The debate over genetically modified organisms in food has generated significant controversy. Many people believe that consuming GMOs is harmful to health, but the scientific consensus is quite the opposite. GMOs are extensively studied and regulated for safety before they reach the market.

Numerous scientific organisations, including the National Academy of Sciences, the World Health Organisation and the American Medical Association have affirmed that GMOs approved for consumption are safe to eat. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, GMOs have the potential to enhance crop yields, reduce pesticide use and improve the nutritional content of foods, which can be crucial in addressing global food security challenges.

Myth 2: mobile phones can cause cancer

One of the most persistent health myths revolves around the potential carcinogenic effects of mobile-phone radiation. The concern arises from the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones, specifically non-ionising radio frequency radiation.

However, numerous scientific studies have investigated this claim and found no conclusive evidence to support it.

The WHO conducted an extensive review of available research and categorised this type of radiation as "possibly carcinogenic to humans", placing it in the same category as pickled vegetables. The classification reflects the need for further research rather than definitive proof of harm, according to both the National Cancer Institute and the FDA.

Myth 3: antibiotics can help recover from a cold

The belief that antibiotics can cure the common cold is another common misconception. Colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria, and antibiotics are designed to treat bacterial infections.

Taking antibiotics for a cold is not only ineffective but can also contribute to antibiotic resistance — a growing global health concern. In fact, when you use antibiotics unnecessarily, you expose to the drugs the bacteria that you have in your body that are not related to the common cold at all. This can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. This can make future bacterial infections harder to treat.

To manage a cold, it's best to rest, stay hydrated and let your body's immune system do the work. Antibiotics have no role in the treatment of viral infections.

Myth 4: one should not swim within 30 minutes of eating

The idea that swimming within 30 minutes of eating can lead to cramps and drowning is a longstanding myth. While it is true that some blood is redirected to the digestive system after eating, causing minor changes in circulation, these changes are not significant enough to cause cramps or pose any real danger to swimmers.

In reality, swimming after eating is generally safe for most people. The body can adequately manage the simultaneous demands of digestion and physical activity. Individuals with specific medical conditions, or those prone to digestive discomfort, may want to wait a bit after a meal, but overall there is no scientific basis for the “30-minute rule”.

Myth 5: eating spices may cause acne

The association between diet and acne has been the subject of much speculation, but the evidence supporting a direct link between the two is rather limited. Acne is primarily driven by hormonal factors and genetics, and spicy foods do not inherently cause acne.

On the other hand, foods with high glycaemic index may increase insulin secretion. Insulin itself may indirectly affect skin-related hormones. Overall, these effects can highly vary from one person to another. If you suspect that certain foods worsen your acne, it is advisable to keep a food diary and consult a dermatologist for personalised guidance.

Myth 6: you need a body detox

Detox diets and cleanses, often quite expensive, claim to rid the body of toxins and promote better health. These claims are totally unfounded and not supported by any scientific evidence. The human body has its built-in detoxification system, primarily carried out by the liver and kidneys. These organs naturally filter and eliminate waste products and toxins from the body.

Detox diets often involve extreme restrictions, such as long fasting stretches or consuming only specific juices, and can lead to nutrient deficiencies and other health issues. In fact, the human body can perceive such major dietary shifts as stressors, and circulation shocks, heart attacks and strokes have all been reported in extreme detox cases.

Detox cleanses may include harmful and non-regulated preparations. Hence, instead of relying on fads, one could focus on maintaining a balanced, nutritious diet and leading a healthy lifestyle.

In the end, it's crucial to rely on evidence-based medical knowledge rather than perpetuate health misconceptions. Science plays a vital role in dispelling common misinformation.

• Joe Yammine, MD is a consultant cardiologist at the Bermuda Hospitals Board. The information here is not intended as medical advice or as a substitute for professional medical opinion. Always seek the advice of your physician