LISBON, Portugal (AP) — Bishop Antonio Montes Moreira compares abortion to the hanging of Saddam Hussein. Meanwhile, parish priest Tarsicio Alves warns worshippers they’ll be automatically excommunicated if they vote “yes” in a referendum tomorrow.The heated passions aroused by a proposal to liberalise Portugal’s abortion law are turning the vote into a closely run affair and a test of how much the 90 percent Roman Catholic country is changing.

Portugal has a liberal centre-left government but is steeped in a conservative culture, and is among a dwindling number of European democracies that strictly limit abortion.

The procedure is allowed only in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and only in cases of rape, foetal malformation or physical danger to the mother.

The ruling Socialist Party is proposing abortion on demand, although only in the first ten weeks of a pregnancy — still stricter than the 12-week limit in Germany, France and Italy.

Prime Minister Jose Socrates has campaigned vigorously for a “yes” vote, calling Portugal’s abortion law “a national disgrace.”

Churchmen are resisting just as fiercely.

Bishop Moreira made the Saddam analogy, in remarks to priests which he later defended on radio and TV, to capitalise on widespread public disgust over the manner of the ousted Iraqi leader’s hanging, calling abortion “a variation on the death sentence”.

The Rev. Miguel Alves, who oversees two Catholic kindergartens near Lisbon, the capital, ordered leaflets placed in the children’s knapsacks which contained an imaginary letter to parents from an aborted foetus. “Mom, how could you kill me?” it said. “How could you let them chop me up and throw me in a bucket?”

Portugal, a dictatorship until 1974, has gradually opened up and liberalised during 20 years of membership in the European Union, pushing much of its legislation into closer line with the Continent’s older democracies. Today only three EU countries — Poland, Ireland and Malta — have restrictions comparable to Portugal’s.

Sunday’s ballot may provide a measure of that change. A 1998 referendum on the same question failed to draw the required turnout of at least one vote more than 50 percent and was nullified.

This time opinion polls indicate that just over half of the country’s 8.9 million registered voters will vote “Yes.”

Socrates’ Socialists won election by a landslide almost two years ago promising broad reforms and modernisation.

The 49-year-old divorced father of two says that if Sunday’s turnout again falls short but a plurality votes “yes” to the change, he will push the necessary legislation through parliament.

He says his country’s approach to abortion is “backward” and adds, “What we have to do now is what more developed nations did 20 or 30 years ago.”

He says the current law merely drives abortion underground, into shady, back-street clinics.

The alternative is to travel to EU countries where it is legal, especially private clinics across the border in Spain, which recognizes the psychological condition of the mother as grounds for permitting an abortion.

Socrates quotes figures compiled by abortion rights groups — and disputed by their opponents — that around 10,000 women are hospitalised every year with complications arising from botched back-street abortions.

Women opting for illegal abortions risk up to three years in prison.

However, none has ever been jailed, though doctors and nurses who assisted the procedure have.

In the 2001 census, around 26 percent of Portuguese said they attend church regularly, down from 29 percent a decade earlier.

But many more share the church’s principles, and that has traditionally discouraged governments from touching on questions of faith.

A conservative government tried to streamline the calendar of public holidays, including religious ones, but quickly backed down when church leaders objected.

In 2004, the same government sent a warship to turn away a boat carrying abortion rights campaigners from the Netherlands to Lisbon.

“The church still exerts a huge influence here,” said Andre Freire, a lecturer at Lisbon’s Institute of Political and Social Sciences.